Why is nutrient removal significant in wastewater treatment?

Nutrient removal is significant in wastewater treatment primarily because it prevents excessive levels of nitrogen and phosphorus from entering natural water bodies. When these nutrients are present in high concentrations, they can lead to eutrophication, a process that stimulates excessive growth of algae in lakes, rivers, and oceans. This algal bloom can deplete oxygen in the water and harm aquatic life, leading to dead zones where fish and other organisms cannot survive. By effectively removing these nutrients during the treatment process, we can safeguard aquatic ecosystems, maintain biodiversity, and ensure cleaner water for recreational and drinking purposes.

While nutrient removal contributes to several other aspects of wastewater treatment, such as potentially influencing biogas production or reducing sludge volumes, its most critical role is in environmental protection against eutrophication.