Which bacteria group is involved in the process of nitrification?

The process of nitrification is primarily carried out by specific groups of bacteria known as Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) and Nitrate-Oxidizing Bacteria (NOB). AOB convert ammonia (NH3) into nitrite (NO2-), while NOB take the nitrite produced and convert it into nitrate (NO3-). This sequential process is crucial in wastewater treatment as it helps in the removal of ammonia, which can be harmful to aquatic environments in high concentrations.

In contrast, the other groups mentioned do not directly participate in nitrification. Obligate anaerobes, for instance, thrive in environments devoid of oxygen and do not contribute to the oxidation of ammonia. Facultative bacteria can utilize oxygen when available but do not specifically drive the nitrification process. Clostridia, which are generally anaerobic bacteria, also do not play a role in the transformation of nitrogen compounds in the way that AOB and NOB do.

Understanding the roles of these specific bacteria in the nitrogen cycle is essential for effective wastewater management and treatment.