What is a significant disadvantage of UV disinfection?

The choice indicating high energy consumption as a significant disadvantage of UV disinfection is accurate because ultraviolet (UV) disinfection systems require a considerable amount of energy to operate effectively. The intensity of UV light needed to neutralize pathogens often necessitates powerful lamps, which consume more electricity than some other disinfection methods. This energy requirement can increase operational costs and may present challenges in terms of sustainability and efficiency, especially in large-scale water treatment facilities.

Other options do address various concerns related to UV disinfection, but they do not capture the energy consumption issue as a primary disadvantage. For example, while adding total dissolved solids is a consideration in some disinfection methods, UV does not contribute to total dissolved solids in the same manner as chemical disinfectants might. Similarly, extensive safety training is not a common requirement for UV disinfection compared to systems that involve hazardous chemicals. Lastly, while UV light may not eliminate all microorganisms, including some bacteria, it is generally effective against a wide range of pathogens when properly applied. Thus, high energy consumption stands out as a key drawback in this context.