What happens to microorganisms in wastewater during the treatment process?

During the treatment process, microorganisms play a crucial role in breaking down waste materials found in wastewater. These microorganisms, which include bacteria and other forms of life, are introduced into the treatment system to aid in the decomposition of organic substances. As they metabolize the waste, they reproduce, leading to a population increase that enhances their effectiveness in cleaning the water. This biological process is essential because it transforms harmful waste into simpler, less harmful substances, ultimately allowing for cleaner water to be released back into the environment or processed further.

The other options describe outcomes that do not depict the primary function of microorganisms during treatment. For instance, while some microorganisms may die due to unfavorable conditions in the wastewater, the primary intent is not to eliminate them but to utilize their natural processes for waste breakdown. Similarly, while treated water can contain some microorganisms, the goal is to reduce their presence to safe, manageable levels rather than allowing them to remain in the final product. Lastly, the presence of microorganisms can contribute to odors in unregulated situations, but when properly managed, these microorganisms fulfill their beneficial role without causing unpleasant smells.